Dalam tutorial ini, Anda akan belajar tentang berbagai jenis operator di Java, sintaksnya, dan cara menggunakannya dengan bantuan contoh.
Operator adalah simbol yang melakukan operasi pada variabel dan nilai. Misalnya, +
operator digunakan untuk penjumlahan, sedangkan *
operator digunakan untuk perkalian.
Operator di Java dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 5 jenis:
- Operator Aritmatika
- Operator Penugasan
- Operator Relasional
- Operator Logis
- Operator Unary
- Operator Bitwise
1. Operator Aritmatika Java
Operator aritmatika digunakan untuk melakukan operasi aritmatika pada variabel dan data. Sebagai contoh,
a + b;
Di sini, +
operator digunakan untuk menambahkan dua variabel a dan b. Demikian pula, ada berbagai operator aritmatika lainnya di Jawa.
Operator | Operasi |
+ | Tambahan |
- | Pengurangan |
* | Perkalian |
/ | Divisi |
% | Operasi Modulo (Sisa setelah pembagian) |
Contoh 1: Operator Aritmatika
class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // declare variables int a = 12, b = 5; // addition operator System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b)); // subtraction operator System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b)); // multiplication operator System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b)); // division operator System.out.println("a / b = " + (a / b)); // modulo operator System.out.println("a % b = " + (a % b)); ) )
Keluaran
a + b = 17 a - b = 7 a * b = 60 a / b = 2 a% b = 2
Dalam contoh di atas, kita telah menggunakan +
, -
dan *
operator untuk menghitung penambahan, pengurangan, dan perkalian operasi.
/ Operator Divisi
Perhatikan operasinya, a / b
dalam program kami. The /
operator adalah operator divisi.
Jika kita menggunakan operator pembagian dengan dua bilangan bulat, maka hasil bagi juga akan menjadi bilangan bulat. Dan, jika salah satu operannya adalah bilangan floating-point, kita akan mendapatkan hasilnya juga berupa floating-point.
In Java, (9 / 2) is 4 (9.0 / 2) is 4.5 (9 / 2.0) is 4.5 (9.0 / 2.0) is 4.5
% Operator Modulo
Operator modulo %
menghitung sisanya. Saat a = 7
dibagi dengan b = 4
, sisanya adalah 3 .
Catatan : %
Operator ini terutama digunakan dengan bilangan bulat.
2. Operator Penugasan Java
Operator penugasan digunakan di Java untuk menetapkan nilai ke variabel. Sebagai contoh,
int age; age = 5;
Di sini, =
adalah operator penugasan. Ini memberikan nilai di sebelah kanannya ke variabel di sebelah kirinya. Artinya, 5 ditetapkan ke usia variabel.
Mari kita lihat beberapa operator penugasan yang tersedia di Java.
Operator | Contoh | Setara dengan |
---|---|---|
= | a = b; | a = b; |
+= | a += b; | a = a + b; |
-= | a -= b; | a = a - b; |
*= | a *= b; | a = a * b; |
/= | a /= b; | a = a / b; |
%= | a %= b; | a = a % b; |
Contoh 2: Operator Penugasan
class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // create variables int a = 4; int var; // assign value using = var = a; System.out.println("var using =: " + var); // assign value using =+ var += a; System.out.println("var using +=: " + var); // assign value using =* var *= a; System.out.println("var using *=: " + var); ) )
Keluaran
var menggunakan =: 4 var menggunakan + =: 8 var menggunakan * =: 32
3. Operator Hubungan Java
Operator relasional digunakan untuk memeriksa hubungan antara dua operan. Sebagai contoh,
// check is a is less than b a < b;
Di sini, >
operator adalah operator relasional. Ia memeriksa apakah a kurang dari b atau tidak.
Ini mengembalikan true
atau false
.
Operator | Deskripsi | Contoh |
---|---|---|
== | Adalah sama dengan | 3 == 5 mengembalikan salah |
!= | Tidak sebanding dengan | 3 != 5 mengembalikan true |
> | Lebih besar dari | 3> 5 mengembalikan salah |
< | Kurang dari | 3 < 5 mengembalikan true |
>= | Lebih dari atau sama dengan | 3>= 5 mengembalikan salah |
<= | Kurang Dari atau Sama Dengan | 3 <= 5 mengembalikan salah |
Contoh 3: Operator Relasional
class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // create variables int a = 7, b = 11; // value of a and b System.out.println("a is " + a + " and b is " + b); // == operator System.out.println(a == b); // false // != operator System.out.println(a != b); // true //> operator System.out.println(a> b); // false // < operator System.out.println(a = operator System.out.println(a>= b); // false // <= operator System.out.println(a <= b); // true ) )
Catatan : Operator relasional digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan loop.
4. Operator Logika Java
Operator logika digunakan untuk memeriksa apakah ekspresi adalah true
atau false
. Mereka digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan.
Operator | Contoh | Berarti |
---|---|---|
&& (Logis DAN) | expression1 && expression2 | true only if both expression1 and expression2 are true |
|| (Logical OR) | expression1 || expression2 | true if either expression1 or expression2 is true |
! (Logical NOT) | !expression | true if expression is false and vice versa |
Example 4: Logical Operators
class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // && operator System.out.println((5> 3) && (8> 5)); // true System.out.println((5> 3) && (8 < 5)); // false // || operator System.out.println((5 5)); // true System.out.println((5> 3) || (8 < 5)); // true System.out.println((5 < 3) || (8 3)); // false ) )
Working of Program
(5> 3) && (8> 5)
returnstrue
because both(5> 3)
and(8> 5)
aretrue
.(5> 3) && (8 < 5)
returnsfalse
because the expression(8 < 5)
isfalse
.(5> 3) || (8> 5)
returnstrue
because the expression(8> 5)
istrue
.(5> 3) && (8> 5)
returnstrue
because the expression(5> 3)
istrue
.(5> 3) && (8> 5)
returnsfalse
because both(5 < 3)
and(8 < 5)
arefalse
.!(5 == 3)
returns true because5 == 3
isfalse
.!(5> 3)
returns false because5> 3
istrue
.
5. Java Unary Operators
Unary operators are used with only one operand. For example, ++
is a unary operator that increases the value of a variable by 1. That is, ++5
will return 6.
Different types of unary operators are:
Operator | Meaning |
---|---|
+ | Unary plus: not necessary to use since numbers are positive without using it |
- | Unary minus: inverts the sign of an expression |
++ | Increment operator: increments value by 1 |
-- | Decrement operator: decrements value by 1 |
! | Logical complement operator: inverts the value of a boolean |
Increment and Decrement Operators
Java also provides increment and decrement operators: ++
and --
respectively. ++
increases the value of the operand by 1, while --
decrease it by 1. For example,
int num = 5; // increase num by 1 ++num;
Here, the value of num gets increased to 6 from its initial value of 5.
Example 5: Increment and Decrement Operators
class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // declare variables int a = 12, b = 12; int result1, result2; // original value System.out.println("Value of a: " + a); // increment operator result1 = ++a; System.out.println("After increment: " + result1); System.out.println("Value of b: " + b); // decrement operator result2 = --b; System.out.println("After decrement: " + result2); ) )
Output
Value of a: 12 After increment: 13 Value of b: 12 After decrement: 11
In the above program, we have used the ++ and -- operator as prefixes (++a, --b). We can also use these operators as postfix (a++, b++).
There is a slight difference when these operators are used as prefix versus when they are used as a postfix.
To learn more about these operators, visit increment and decrement operators.
6. Java Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. For example,
Bitwise complement Operation of 35 35 = 00100011 (In Binary) ~ 00100011 ________ 11011100 = 220 (In decimal)
Here, ~
is a bitwise operator. It inverts the value of each bit (0 to 1 and 1 to 0).
The various bitwise operators present in Java are:
Operator | Description |
---|---|
~ | Bitwise Complement |
<< | Left Shift |
>> | Right Shift |
>>> | Unsigned Right Shift |
& | Bitwise AND |
^ | Bitwise exclusive OR |
These operators are not generally used in Java. To learn more, visit Java Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators.
Other operators
Besides these operators, there are other additional operators in Java.
Java instanceof Operator
The instanceof
operator checks whether an object is an instanceof a particular class. For example,
class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( String str = "Programiz"; boolean result; // checks if str is an instance of // the String class result = str instanceof String; System.out.println("Is str an object of String? " + result); ) )
Output
Is str an object of String? true
Here, str is an instance of the String
class. Hence, the instanceof
operator returns true
. To learn more, visit Java instanceof.
Java Ternary Operator
The ternary operator (conditional operator) is shorthand for the if-then-else
statement. For example,
variable = Expression ? expression1 : expression2
Here's how it works.
- If the
Expression
istrue
,expression1
is assigned to the variable. - If the
Expression
isfalse
,expression2
is assigned to the variable.
Let's see an example of a ternary operator.
class Java ( public static void main(String() args) ( int februaryDays = 29; String result; // ternary operator result = (februaryDays == 28) ? "Not a leap year" : "Leap year"; System.out.println(result); ) )
Output
Leap year
In the above example, we have used the ternary operator to check if the year is a leap year or not. To learn more, visit the Java ternary operator.
Sekarang setelah Anda mengetahui tentang operator Java, sekarang saatnya mengetahui tentang urutan evaluasi operator. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut, kunjungi Java Operator Precedence.