C # Arahan preprocessor

Dalam tutorial ini, kita akan belajar tentang Preprocessor Directive, arahan yang tersedia di C #, dan kapan, mengapa dan bagaimana mereka digunakan.

Seperti namanya, arahan preprocessor adalah sekumpulan pernyataan yang diproses sebelum kompilasi sebenarnya dimulai. Direktif preprocessor C # adalah perintah untuk kompilator yang mempengaruhi proses kompilasi.

Perintah-perintah ini menentukan bagian mana dari kode yang akan dikompilasi atau bagaimana menangani kesalahan dan peringatan tertentu.

C # arahan preprocessor dimulai dengan # (hash)simbol dan semua arahan preprocessor bertahan selama satu baris. Arahan preprocessor diakhiri oleh new linebukan semicolon.

Arahan preprocessor yang tersedia di C # adalah:

Arahan preprocessor di C #
Petunjuk Preprocessor Deskripsi Sintaksis
#if Memeriksa apakah ekspresi preprocessor benar atau tidak 
 #if kode ekspresi preprosesor untuk dikompilasi #endif
#elif Digunakan bersama dengan #ifuntuk memeriksa beberapa ekspresi preprocessor 
 #if kode preprocessor-ekspresi-1 untuk mengkompilasi #elif kode preprocessor-ekspresi-2 untuk mengkompilasi #endif
#else Digunakan bersama dengan #ifuntuk membuat direktif bersyarat majemuk. 
 #if kode ekspresi-preprosesor untuk mengkompilasi kode #elif untuk mengkompilasi #endif
#endif Digunakan bersama dengan #ifuntuk menunjukkan akhir arahan bersyarat 
 #if kode ekspresi preprosesor untuk dikompilasi #endif
#define Digunakan untuk mendefinisikan simbol 
 #define SYMBOL
#undef Digunakan untuk tidak mendefinisikan simbol 
 #undef SYMBOL
#warning Memungkinkan kami untuk menghasilkan peringatan level 1 dari kode kami 
 #warning peringatan-pesan
#error Memungkinkan kami menghasilkan kesalahan dari kode kami 
 #error error-message
#line Memungkinkan kami mengubah nomor baris dan nama file penyusun untuk menampilkan kesalahan dan peringatan 
 #line-line-number file-name
#region Memungkinkan kami membuat wilayah yang dapat diperluas atau diciutkan saat menggunakan Editor Kode Visual Studio 
 #region region-description codes #endregion
#endregion Menunjukkan akhir suatu wilayah 
 #region region-description codes #endregion
#pragma Memberi kompiler instruksi khusus untuk kompilasi file yang muncul. 
 #pragma pragma-name pragma-arguments

#define directive

  • The #definedirektif memungkinkan kita untuk mendefinisikan sebuah simbol.
  • Simbol yang ditentukan saat digunakan bersama dengan #ifdirektif akan dievaluasi menjadi benar.
  • Simbol-simbol ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kondisi kompilasi.
  • Sintaksis: 
     #define SYMBOL
  • Sebagai contoh: 
     #define TESTING
    Di sini, PENGUJIAN adalah sebuah simbol.

#undef direktif

  • The #undefdirektif memungkinkan kita untuk undefine simbol.
  • Undefined symbols when used along with #if directive will evaluate to false.
  • Syntax: 
     #undef SYMBOL
  • For example: 
     #undef TESTING
    Here, TESTING is a symbol.

#if directive

  • The #if directive are used to test the preprocessor expression.
  • A preprocessor expression may consists of a symbol only or combination of symbols along with operators like && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT).
  • #if directive is followed by an #endif directive.
  • The codes inside the #if directive is compiled only if the expression tested with #if evaluates to true.
  • Syntax: 
     #if preprocessor-expression code to compile< #endif
  • For example: 
     #if TESTING Console.WriteLine("Currently Testing"); #endif

Example 1: How to use #if directive?

 #define CSHARP using System; namespace Directive ( class ConditionalDirective ( public static void Main(string() args) ( #if (CSHARP) Console.WriteLine("CSHARP is defined"); #endif ) ) )

When we run the program, the output will be:

 CSHARP is defined

In the above program, CSHARP symbol is defined using the #define directive at the beginning of program. Inside the Main() method, #if directive is used to test whether CSHARP is true or not. The block of code inside #if directive is compiled only if CSHARP is defined.

#elif directive

  • The #elif directive is used along with #if directive that lets us create a compound conditional directive.
  • It is used when testing multiple preprocessor expression.
  • The codes inside the #elif directive is compiled only if the expression tested with that #elif evaluates to true.
  • Syntax: 
     #if preprocessor-expression-1 code to compile #elif preprocessor-expression-2 code-to-compile #endif
  • For example: 
     #if TESTING Console.WriteLine("Currently Testing"); #elif TRAINING Console.WriteLine("Currently Training"); #endif

#else directive

  • The #else directive is used along with #if directive.
  • If none of the expression in the preceding #if and #elif (if present) directives are true, the codes inside the #else directive will be compiled.
  • Syntax: 
     #if preprocessor-expression-1 code to compile #elif preprocessor-expression-2 code-to-compile #else code-to-compile #endif
  • For example: 
     #if TESTING Console.WriteLine("Currently Testing"); #elif TRAINING Console.WriteLine("Currently Training"); #else Console.WriteLine("Neither Testing nor Training"); #endif

#endif directive

  • The #endif directive is used along with #if directive to indicate the end of #if directive.
  • Syntax: 
     #if preprocessor-expression-1 code to compile #endif
  • For example: 
     #if TESTING Console.WriteLine("Currently Testing"); #endif

Example 2: How to use conditional directive (if, elif, else, endif) ?

 #define CSHARP #undef PYTHON using System; namespace Directive ( class ConditionalDirective ( static void Main(string() args) ( #if (CSHARP && PYTHON) Console.WriteLine("CSHARP and PYTHON are defined"); #elif (CSHARP && !PYTHON) Console.WriteLine("CSHARP is defined, PYTHON is undefined"); #elif (!CSHARP && PYTHON) Console.WriteLine("PYTHON is defined, CSHARP is undefined"); #else Console.WriteLine("CSHARP and PYTHON are undefined"); #endif ) ) )

When we run the program, the output will be:

 CSHARP is defined, PYTHON is undefined

In this example, we can see the use of #elif and #else directive. These directive are used when there are multiple conditions to be tested. Also, symbols can be combined using logical operators to form a preprocessor expression.

#warning directive

  • The #warning directive allows us to generate a user-defined level one warning from our code.
  • Syntax: 
     #warning warning-message
  • For example: 
     #warning This is a warning message

Example 3: How to use #warning directive?

 using System; namespace Directives ( class WarningDirective ( public static void Main(string() args) ( #if (!CSHARP) #warning CSHARP is undefined #endif Console.WriteLine("#warning directive example"); ) ) )

When we run the program, the output will be:

 Program.cs(10,26): warning CS1030: #warning: 'CSHARP is undefined' (/home/myuser/csharp/directives-project/directives-project.csproj) #warning directive example

After running the above program, we will see the output as above. The text represents a warning message. Here, we are generating a user-defined warning message using the #warning directive.

Note that the statements after the #warning directive are also executed. It means that the #warning directive does not terminate the program but just throws a warning.

#error directive

  • The #error directive allows us to generate a user-defined error from our code.
  • Syntax: 
     #error error-message
  • For example: 
     #error This is an error message

Example 4: How to use #error directive?

 using System; namespace Directive ( class Error ( public static void Main(string() args) ( #if (!CSHARP) #error CSHARP is undefined #endif Console.WriteLine("#error directive example"); ) ) )

When we run the program, the output will be:

 Program.cs(10,24): error CS1029: #error: 'CSHARP is undefined' (/home/myuser/csharp/directives-project/directives-project.csproj) The build failed. Please fix the build errors and run again.

We will see some errors, probably like above. Here we are generating a user-defined error.

Another thing to note here is the program will be terminated and the line #error directive example won't be printed as it was in the #warning directive.

#line directive

  • The #line directive allows us to modify the line number and the filename for errors and warnings.
  • Syntax: 
     #line line-number file-name
  • For example: 
     #line 50 "fakeprogram.cs"

Example 5: How to use #line directive?

 using System; namespace Directive ( class Error ( public static void Main(string() args) ( #line 200 "AnotherProgram.cs" #warning Actual Warning generated by Program.cs on line 10 ) ) )

When we run the program, the output will be:

 AnotherProgram.cs(200,22): warning CS1030: #warning: 'Actual Warning generated by Program.cs on line 10' (/home/myuser/csh arp/directive-project/directive-project.csproj)

We have saved the above example as Program.cs. The warning was actually generated at line 10 by Program.cs. Using the #line directive, we have changed the line number to 200 and the filename to AnotherProgram.cs that generated the error.

#region and #endregion directive

  • The #region directive allows us to create a region that can be expanded or collapsed when using a Visual Studio Code Editor.
  • This directive is simply used to organize the code.
  • The #region block can not overlap with a #if block. However, a #region block can be included within a #if block and a #if block can overlap with a #region block.
  • #endregion directive indicates the end of a #region block.
  • Syntax: 
     #region region-description codes #endregion

Example 6: How to use #region directive?

 using System; namespace Directive ( class Region ( public static void Main(string() args) ( #region Hello Console.WriteLine("Hello"); Console.WriteLine("Hello"); Console.WriteLine("Hello"); Console.WriteLine("Hello"); Console.WriteLine("Hello"); #endregion ) ) )

When we run the program, the output will be:

 Hello Hello Hello Hello Hello

#pragma directive

  • The #pragma directive is used to give the compiler some special instructions for the compilation of the file in which it appears.
  • The instruction may include disabling or enabling some warnings.
  • C# supports two #pragma instructions:
    • #pragma warning: Used for disabling or enabling warnings
    • #pragma checksum: It generates checksums for source files which will be used for debugging.
  • Syntax: 
     #pragma pragma-name pragma-arguments
  • Sebagai contoh: 
     #pragma peringatan nonaktifkan

Contoh 7: Bagaimana cara menggunakan perintah #pragma?

 using System; namespace Directive ( class Error ( public static void Main(string() args) ( #pragma warning disable #warning This is a warning 1 #pragma warning restore #warning This is a warning 2 ) ) )

Saat kita menjalankan program, outputnya adalah:

 Program.cs (12,22): peringatan CS1030: #warning: 'This is a warning 2' (/home/myuser/csharp/directive-project/directive-project.csproj)

Kita dapat melihat bahwa hanya peringatan kedua yang ditampilkan di layar keluaran.

Ini karena, awalnya kami menonaktifkan semua peringatan sebelum peringatan pertama dan memulihkannya hanya sebelum peringatan kedua. Inilah alasan mengapa peringatan pertama disembunyikan.

Kami juga dapat menonaktifkan peringatan khusus, bukan semua peringatan.

Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut #pragma, kunjungi #pragma (referensi C #).

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